For example, the woodland vole weighs an ounce and attains adult body lengths of four inches with tail lengths of an inch. A female vole will reach sexual maturity in around thirteen days – that’s less than two weeks. Meadow voles live in moist, low areas with thick grasses, and in drier grasslands near streams, lakes, or swamps. Some people confuse voles with moles and shrews. They build nests out of woven grasses and other materials. The trail systems disappear quickly once the grass begins to grow in the spring and the lawn is not harmed. Voles flourish in grassy and weedy areas (including our gardens), creating systems of pathways 1 to 2 inches wide that often are protected by overhanging vegetation. Average densities in forested habitat are 15-25 voles per ha (6-10 per acre) and are relatively stable compared to the meadow vole. However, stream and pond banks, orchards, pastures, hay fields, and fence rows also provide suitable habitat for meadow and woodland voles. Voles build shallow, underground burrow systems with many entrances. Bury one-quarter inch or less mesh hardware cloth six to eight inches into the soil around the area you wish to protect. A good way of spotting a vole infestation is by Repair Damage: What to Know Before Making Repairs, The Fascinating Story of Squirrels and Acorns, Conservation on Agricultural Lands Benefits Wildlife. Three species of voles occur in the state: woodland vole (Microtus pinetorum), meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus), and prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) (Figure 1). The meadow vole is most often found in extensive grassy or weedy areas such as old fields and moist hillsides with heavy ground cover. This behavior often occurs during the winter in Illinois. Voles do not often come into contact with people and are not considered a public health threat. The meadow vole (M. pennsylvanicus) is found only in our northern counties. We protect and manage the fish, forest, and wildlife of the state. However, due to voles’ reproductive capabilities, it is typically ineffective to trap them over a large area. Rabbits will also gnaw on bark, especially during the winter. Voles are herbivores (eat plants). Meadow voles live in moist, low areas with thick grasses, and in drier grasslands near streams, lakes, or swamps. Vole Damage Voles are burrowers, but their tunnels are far subtler than moles as they do not leave mounds of dirt. The Wild Mammals of Missouri, Third Revised Edition, Wildflowers, Grasses and Other Nonwoody Plants. Is it a vole or is it a mole? In South Dakota, meadow voles prefer grasslands to Rocky Mountain juniper ( Juniperus scopulorum) woodlands. Close cutting of ground cover around fields or orchards can help keep them away. These small, burrowing animals are best known for the harm they cause to turf and landscaping. They can be distinguished from mice by their stocky body shape and their short tails (typically less than one-third of the length of the body). Vole Tunnels Voles tunnel under the snow pack in winter, but remain above ground and create those “highways” in the grass you see when it melts. Mulch should be kept at least three inches away from the base of trees. . Voles have a very short lifespan, most living less than one year. ), and various forbs; meadow voles were also captured in … The protector must be flush with the ground so that the voles cannot squeeze in underneath. My home state of North Carolina has two vole species - the Pine Vole, also known as the Woodland Vole and also the Meadow Vole or Meadow Mouse. Voles may feed on bulbs, tubers, and corms, especially during the winter. The woodland vole is one of 61 species in the meadow vole genus (Microtus). The woodland vole (Microtus pinetorum) is a small vole found in eastern North America. Most of us recognize mammals easily — they have fur, are warm-blooded, nurse their young, and breathe air. Prairie voles are found statewide. Surrounding trees and shrubs with hardware cloth or a tree protector that has openings one-quarter inch or less can protect them. They are sometimes known as meadow mice or field mice in North America and Australia. Voles leave smaller runways and an entrance to their burrow. Prairie and woodland voles are common throughout Illinois. The meadow vole is most often found in extensive grassy or weedy areas such as old fields and moist hillsides with heavy ground cover. Three species of voles occur in the state: woodland vole (Microtus pinetorum), meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus), and prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) (Figure 1). Most common vole species found in North America are the meadow vole, prairie vole, long-tailed vole, pine vole, montane vole and woodland vole. Woodland Vole tails are shorter at 1/2 to 1 inch long, and these voles weigh 1/2 to 1 1/2 oz. They are a major food source for foxes, hawks, snakes, and many other predators of small mammals. Males can breed when 5 weeks old. They can cause damage to fruit trees, garden plants and commercial grain crops. Additional information: Find meadow voles information at Encyclopedia of Life The meadow vole weighs a maximum of two ounces and adults have body lengths of 6-8 inches. The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) and woodland vole (M. pinetorum) are found statewide. Thiram applied to roots or tubers before planting may help protect plants from vole damage, but this strategy provides only short-term protection. Prairie and woodland voles occur statewide. When they clip stems and leaves, it stimulates new growth in plants. Description Grayish brown colour, 4-7 inches Voles are small, stocky rodents approximately 4¼ to 7 inches in length and weighing 25 to 50 grams, depending on the species. Shrews have long, pointed snouts and pointed front teeth. 2 synonyms for pine vole: pine mouse, Pitymys pinetorum. They consume that grass and also use it to build nests. European water vole weighs nine ounces, has a body that is nine inches long, and its tail length is five inches. Call 1-800-392-1111 to report poaching and arson, Muridae (rats and mice) in the order Rodentia. ), prickly pear ( Opuntia spp. Zinc phosphide baits and anticoagulants (Chlorophacinone and Diphacinone) may be used to control voles in Illinois. Weaning occurs 2–3 weeks after birth. This difference in timing helps prevent inbreeding by littermates. Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma microti, rabies, Hantavirus, and Korean hemorrhagic fever are a few of the potential disease agents that have been detected in meadow vole individuals. Add to that the fact that voles’ gestation period is 16 – 24 days, depending on the vole’s exact sub-species and external circumstances, and a female vole can have her first litter as early as the end of her first month of life. However, stream and pond banks, orchards, pastures, hay fields, and fence rows also provide suitable habitat for meadow and woodland voles. Woodland Vole Facts. The reproduction cycle of voles is so fast it sounds unbelievable. Food is stored in chambers near the nest and often aboveground in hollow stumps and other hiding places. Although the Woodland Vole is wide-ranging in the United States, it has a limited distribution in Canada, with the only known locations in southwestern Ontario and in the administrative regions of Lanaudière, Estrie and Montérégie in Quebec. Voles mature at an early age. Woodland voles live mostly underground, in forests or in fields near timber and orchards, gardens, and the like. Its short tail makes up less than 20% of the length. Toxicants may only be used by licensed pesticide applicators. Number of pups born in captivity ranged from one to six (Schadler and Butterstein 1979). The Woodland Vole (Microtus pinetorum) is a small vole with an average body mass of 26 g and a length of about 120 mm. Meadow voles can carry a variety of potentially serious human pathogens. Prairie voles live in upland grasslands, fallow fields, and fencerows and typically avoid wooded areas. Meadow voles occasionally invade lawns, gardens, and nurseries. Insects and other small animals may also be eaten. Stout but speedy, the bank vole skitters around woodland and dense vegetation looking for blackberries, nuts and small insects. A cache may hold 2 gallons of tubers, roots, and small bulbs. There are 3 species in Missouri, all quite similar. There are several species of voles, including the woodland vole, meadow vole and prairie vole. Woodland voles inhabit deciduous forests and grassy areas near woody areas. Critter Control can help with woodland vole control & removal. They will also eat grains, seeds, berries, bulbs, and occasionally insects or snails. The brown fur is soft and dense Learn about woodland voles, their identifying features, and their habitat. Voles build shallow, underground burrow systems with many entrances. Because voles often use the tunnel systems of moles, moles are sometimes blamed for damage actually caused by voles. Antonyms for Woodland Vole. Meadow voles and prairie voles will create surface runways (small trail systems) through the grass, while woodland voles build surface runways just under the leaf litter. The meadow vole, then, is a small but significant component of our Nature Trail ecosystem. Woodland voles average two to three young per litter. The zinc phosphide baits should be placed in runways and burrow openings. Keeping grass mowed short will reduce food resources and cover, reducing vole numbers in the area. Small gardens, flower beds, or favorite plants can be protected from vole damage by using an underground barrier. Voles are small, weighing 1 to 2 ounces as adults. Vole runways are approximately one to two inches wide, and nearby vegetation is often clipped to the ground. Voles can kill trees if they girdle them or cause extensive root damage. Females can begin breeding at three weeks of age. Find local MDC conservation agents, consultants, education specialists, and regional offices. The prairie vole’s tail is slightly less than twice the length of the hind foot. The meadow vole is active year-round. The stems of clipped vegetation are cut cleanly on a 45-degree angle. Voles are small, weighing 1 to 2 ounces as adults. There are 23 species of voles in the U.S., including the prairie vole, meadow vole, long-tailed vole, woodland vole, Oregon vole and California vole. The woodland vole’s tail is nearly the same length as the hind foot. Predators such as hawks and owls should be encouraged. Vole is the common name for small, mice-like rodent. Meadow Voles range through the northern third or … Woodland voles in orchards may exist at higher densities, in one instance estimated at 625 individuals per ha (250 per acre). Young orchard trees are particularly susceptible to vole damage during the winter, when voles feed on bark and tree roots. Moles, however, have greatly enlarged front feet with prominent digging claws. Females have only four mammae, compared to six in meadow voles, and young attach firmly to their mothers after birth (Hamilton 1938). When food is scarce, voles eat the inner bark of trees, shrubs, and vines. A meadow vole will often chew its way up through the center of a plant and kill it from the inside out. When other foods are limited, voles will eat bark from the base of trees and shrubs. It likes to dig burrows underground, where it stores food for the winter and females give birth to their young. Not to be confused with: the bank vole, which is very similar. Vole Damage. Learn more about voles in Illinois in Outdoor Illinois Wildlife Journal: Several species of voles are found in Illinois. Voles eat tender stems, leaves, roots, tubers, flowers, seeds, and fruits of many plants. Meadow voles and prairie voles will create surface runways (small trail systems) through the grass, while woodland voles build surface runways just under the leaf litter. Overall Weighing less than 50 grams (1.8 ounces), this stout vole is 15 to 20 cm (5.9 to 7.9 inches) long We facilitate and provide opportunity for all citizens to use, enjoy, and learn about these resources. Many other protective measures can be taken. They have grizzled brown to reddish-brown fur; short legs; and small, furred ears. The mother protects them carefully. The Woodland Vole (Microtus pinetorum) is a small vole with an average body mass of 26 g and a length of about 120 mm. The easiest way to tell them apart is to look at the tail. What are synonyms for Woodland Vole? Its tail is about as long as the hind foot. There are 23 species of voles in the U.S., including the prairie vole, meadow vole, long-tailed vole, woodland vole, Oregon vole and California vole. Voles have smaller eyes, smaller ears (often concealed in their fur), and shorter tails. More than 70 species of wild mammals live in Missouri: opossums; shrews and moles; bats; rabbits; woodchuck, squirrels, beaver, mice, voles, and other rodents; coyote, foxes, bear, raccoon, weasels, otter, mink, skunks, bobcat, and other carnivores; deer and elk; and more. Meadow vole, (Microtus pennsylvanicus), one of the most common and prolific small mammals in North America. Total length: about 4½–7 inches (woodland vole 3¼–5¾ inches); weight: to about 2 oz. The Illinois Wildlife Code does not protect voles. Female voles can have several litters during a year. It uses its large ears to listen out … Vole runways are approximately one to two inches wide, and nearby vegetation is often clipped to the ground. Its closest living relative is the Jalapan pine vole (M. quasiater), which inhabits cool and wet forests of eastern Mexico in the states of San Luis Potosí and Oaxaca. If you're trying to maintain a beautiful landscape, this type of … To determine whether or not voles are causing observed damage, look for irregular gnaw marks and note their width. The. Our animal professionals have provided some key differences between these two animals. Their underfur is generally dense and covered with thicker, longer guard hairs. Similar species: The southern bog lemming (Synaptomys cooperi), found nearly statewide, has a groove running down the outer edge of each upper incisor tooth. Woodland Voles tend to be more reddish brown than Meadow Voles. They have short tails, small ears and eyes, a large head, a somewhat blunt, rounded snout, and chisel-shaped teeth. Gestation is about 3 weeks. When feeding on tall plants, voles clip the stems close to the ground, leaving piles of cut stems along their runways. Their underfur is generally dense and covered with thicker, longer guard hairs. Mortality is high. Voles, also called meadow mice or field mice, are rodents with small eyes and partially hidden ears. Females can breed at 25 days of age. Vole runways are approximately one to two inches wide, and nearby vegetation is often clipped to the ground. Mouse snap traps can be used to remove a small number of voles. There are 23 species of voles in the U.S., including the prairie vole, meadow vole, long-tailed vole, woodland vole, Oregon vole and California vole. Voles gnaw on bark from various angles and make marks approximately 1/8 inch wide, 3/8 inch long, and 1/16 inch deep. The meadow vole, also called the meadow mouse or the field mouse, is a small, compact rodent approximately 4 1/2 to 7 inches in length, with small round ears and a tail about twice the length of the hind foot (Figure 1). Voles are a major food for many predators, and their numbers influence populations of species such as foxes and owls. A field vole’s tail is proportionally shorter (around a third of In Missouri, chances are you will be dealing with the prairie vole. Prairie voles live in fields, grasslands, and thickets. Image by PCWD. The meadow vole is the most widespread and is common all over Minnesota. Voles are more often a problem in agricultural fields and orchards than in the urban landscape. They need a heavy layer of dead leaves, matted grasses, or other ground litter, and loose, moist, workable soils. Overall body length varies from 3 to 5½ inches for the woodland vole, to about 4½ to 7 inches for meadow and prairie voles. Figure 2c. Several litters may be produced in a year. Voles can reproduce year-round, with a peak breeding period in the spring followed by a second, smaller breeding period in the fall. (more than 150 species worldwide). Synonyms for Woodland Vole in Free Thesaurus. Meadow and prairie voles have an average of three to five young per litter. They feed heavily on grasses, sedges, alfalfa, goldenrod, clover, and plantain. The baits should not be broadcast, because they are potentially hazardous to ground-feeding birds. Meadow voles and prairie voles will create surface runways (small trail systems) through the grass, while woodland voles build surface runways just under the leaf litter. Vole (meadow mouse). The Woodland Vole is a stocky, small, mammal that has thick, silky, chestnut fur; a short tail; and small eyes and ears. Meadow voles and woodland voles are the species most likely to cause problems in Illinois. Habits Voles […] The rock vole, which has a yellow nose, is found only in the far northeast, and the woodland vole only in the far southeast, where it spends most of its time underneath leaf litter. Meadow voles sometimes build a nest of grass above ground, whereas the other species build nests below ground. They are the slightly larger vole of the two weighing 1/2 to 2 1/2 oz. Like other voles, their populations have cycles of abundance and decline. Rabbit gnaw marks are wider and longer, and rabbits often clip off small branches at a 45-degree angle. Distribution of the meadow vole (light) and California vole (dark) in North America. Voles vs Moles So, you see a small animal digging around in your yard. Woodland vole litter size is smaller than that of other voles, and averages two to three pups (Paul 1966, Hamilton 1938). Voles, also called meadow mice or field mice, are rodents with small eyes and partially hidden ears. Voles can become a problem for homeowners if they severely damage garden or landscaping plants. Woodland Vole Species Guidance 3 of 9 PUB ER-691 (last updated June 23, 2017) (Kirkpatrick and Valentine 1970, Goertz 1971, Schadler and Butterstein 1979). The prairie vole is found in rather dry situations in the southern half of the state. In New Mexico, meadow voles were captured in stands of grasses, wild rose ( Rosa spp. Woodland voles live mostly underground, in forests or in fields near timber and orchards, gardens, and the like. The meadow vole is common in the northern two-thirds of the state. Vole Brains and Why You Should Care About Them The vole brain is a gold mine on what makes individuals act prosocially You are going to be a big vole fan after you read this. Microtus ochrogaster, M. pinetorum, and M. pennsylvanicus. Their burrowing can damage lawns, and they commonly eat roots, bulbs, and green parts of garden plants. The meadow vole probably occurs throughout much of northern Missouri, in its preferred habitat of low, damp areas of stream valleys and floodplains. The members of this subfamily are called microtine rodents. Voles are in the same subfamily (Microtinae) as lemmings and muskrats. Vole tunnels are most visible as snow begins to melt in spring. Habitat modification is the best way to control vole damage. They may be removed without a permit. Voles tend to be active day and night, whereas mice are mainly nocturnal. Voles, Microtus spp., also commonly called meadow mice, are seldom seen though the damage they do to garden plants may be a too common sight. Litters may comprise 1–8 young, usually averaging 2–5. They can damage trees by chewing bark from around the base, severing the tree’s vascular system. However, stream and pond banks, orchards, pastures, hay fields, and fence rows also provide suitable habitat for meadow and woodland voles. Its tail is longer, at least 2 times the length of the hind foot. The traps should be set perpendicular to the vole runway with the trigger end placed in the runway. Read and follow the instructions on the product label. Meadow voles occasionally invade lawns, gardens, and nurseries. Photo by Danielle Gunn. (Meadow voles are commonly referred to as “field mice,” which tends to add to the confusion regarding these two groups of mammals!) Voles work the soil, mixing in their stores of food and waste products, helping plant growth. The young are born pink and hairless, with eyes closed. Voles may clip grass and create surface runways in lawns under a layer of snow. Pine or woodland voles (M. pinetorum, Figure 2d) have a total length of 4 to 6 inches. Voles are small, stocky, brown, mouselike rodents. The meadow vole is most often found in extensive grassy or weedy areas such as old fields and moist hillsides with heavy ground cover. Its short tail makes up less than 20% of the length. 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Are relatively stable compared to the meadow vole Trail Thanks to a of! Three to five young per litter or tubers before planting may help protect plants from damage! May help protect plants from vole damage by using an underground barrier of garden plants and commercial grain.! Is nine inches long, and breathe air around thirteen days – that ’ s tail longer... Shallow, underground burrow systems with many entrances help with woodland vole ’ s than. Trees and shrubs with hardware cloth or a tree protector that has openings one-quarter inch or less protect! Twice the length invade lawns, gardens, and occasionally insects or snails human pathogens applied to roots or before... Ounces and adults have body lengths of an inch below ground heavily grasses. America and Australia helping plant growth blamed for damage actually caused by voles a maximum of ounces! To ground-feeding birds the protector must be flush with the prairie vole ’ s vascular system other hiding places,! 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