Classical Vs. Positivist Criminology In the mid-eighteenth century, social philosophers started arguing for a more rational approach to criminal punishment. Criminology is the scientific study of criminal behavior and society’s reaction to law violations and violaters (Siegel, 2003). Positivist Criminology 1800s onwards. People have free will 2. Classical and Positivist Criminology ATS1281 Understanding Crime. Through understanding, the reasons a person commits a crime, one can come up with ways to prevent and control crime. During the mid-eighteenth century, social philosopher’s argued a rational approach to punish criminals. Positivism assumes a deterministic nature to crime and that there lies within, a causation which is beyond the individuals control. The essay will first look at the history of the Classical Theory looking at Beccaria and Benthams classical school of criminology and its effects in a brief section. Think about these two cases as you read about classical and positivist thought about human nature, punishment, and deterrence in this chapter. The comparison between the classical school and the positivist one appears simple at first. Classical Theory vs Positivist Theory The classical and positivist approaches to criminology theory were both highly influential in their definition of dealing with criminal punishment. y The Classical Scholars Modern criminology is the product of two main schools of thought: the classical school originating in the 18th century and the positivist school originating in the 19th century. View of human behaviour Focuses on the act, not the actor 1. This moderate view was developed by … People are hedonistic, they act out of self- interest 4. People are rational and calculated 3. In contrast to the classical school, which assumes that criminal acts are the product of free choice and rational calculation, the positivist sees the root causes of crime in factors outside the control of the offender. Classical School vs. Positivist School of Criminology The Classical School of Criminology is premised on the theory that people have free will in formulating decisions, and that punishment is capable of deterring crime, so long as it is carried out without delay and is appropriate and in proportion to the crime committed. The classical and positivist approaches to criminological theory were both highly influential in their definition of and approach to dealing with crime and criminal punishment. They sought to eliminate the cruel public executions, which was designed to scare people into obedience. Classical and neoclassical schools of criminology differ in theory and approaches to the justice system. Classical School vs. Positivist School of Criminology The Classical School of Criminology is premised on the theory that people have free will in formulating decisions, and that punishment is capable of deterring crime, so long as it is carried out without delay and is appropriate and in proportion to the crime committed. Classicism assumes the free will of individuals and concentrates heavily on the punishment of crime. The Classical (Beccaria) vs The Positivist (Lombroso) School of Criminology Comparing and Contrasting two theoretical thinkers What is Criminology? Classical Criminology 1500s-1700s. The classical school of criminology was invented in the eighteenth century during the enlightenment era (White et al., 2008). 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